Use SAT and ACT Writing Sample to Prepare for the S.S.U Scholarship Essay

Use SAT and ACT Writing Sample to Prepare for the S.S.U Scholarship EssayThe SAT and ACT make it quite difficult for a student to prepare for the big exams that will determine if they will be accepted to one of the top colleges in the country. With more students struggling with these exam scores, a lot of students are turning to the S.S.U Scholarship to make up for the gaps in their scores. If you are in need of a scholarship to help you find the scholarship for college, here are some tips on how to find good writing samples for your essay.There are many different kinds of scholarships, such as the S.S.U Scholarship to help finance your education, but most students only know about these opportunities. A lot of people never know about the other scholarships that are available for students. The resources that are found at ScholarshipsUSA.org will help you find more scholarships in your area.Scholarships are available for students who are willing to study abroad or who have overcome fin ancial difficulties. There are also scholarships that focus on an extracurricular activity or even a particular class or skill set. The organizations that offer these scholarships to make sure that the scholarship is for students who are willing to use their talents. That way, students don't have to worry about the competition they will face to get an acceptance letter.If you are looking for a scholarship for studying abroad, then you will find some good options on ScholarshipsUSA.org. You may have to do some research to find a scholarship that will benefit you. For example, some scholarships focus on study in another country, which may be different from what you already know. If you want to complete a degree or even your first year of school abroad, then you will need to research exactly what you can do.Scholarships are not just for students. For example, if you are interested in nursing, you will find scholarships that will help you pursue your education and a career in this field . You may be able to find scholarships at the local community college that can give you a degree in nursing. You may also find scholarships that allow you to become an RN. Or, if you need money to help pay for your post-graduate education, you can find scholarships that will help you finance your education and other career goals.Scholarships are for students and there are many scholarships that are focused on providing scholarships to students who are serious about using their talents. If you have the ambition and passion to pursue your education, you may find a scholarship to help you go on with your education. Many schools offer financial aid to assist students from all economic backgrounds to attend college.The most important thing when applying for a scholarship is to understand the scholarship. Don't just look at a list of scholarships that you see and think that they have a scholarship for you. You should do some research and talk to several different people who know about sch olarships before making a decision. There are some scholarships out there for everyone.

“Are You Happy Now” Essay - 1541 Words

Happiness is a term that typically has different definitions. Some define happiness, as the things one possess; others may define it as doing a good deed and the feeling one has after doing a good deed. Merriam-Webster defines happiness as, â€Å"a state of well-being and contentment† . Even Aristotle acknowledges that everyone disagrees on the definition of happiness because we all have a different thought-process and prior knowledge. Even though there are many definitions to happiness, both Aristotle and John Stuart Mill take a similar approach when attempting to define happiness in their books. Aristotle and Mill discuss their theories of happiness and pleasure, and their views of virtue in ethics and its relation to happiness. Aristotle†¦show more content†¦Mill is looking for the â€Å"criteria of right and wrong,† which serves as the basic standard to decide what is moral. Both Mill and Aristotle knew that happiness is very important to human beings and they both defined happiness in their books. Aristotle and Mill came to the conclusion that in order to attain happiness, men should be participating in activities that belong to humans. Aristotle and Mill have slightly different opinions to what they believe are human characteristics. They both shared a similar idea. In Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle begins by discussing that everything we do as human beings can be described in one way, â€Å"the way which all things aim† (I.1, 1094a 1-3). The good is that of which all things aim, resulting in everything we do aims at some good. The good does not necessarily mean morally good, but what you believe to be good. In class we discussed, â€Å"it is good to protect my family, even if it means killing a person† . This idea is similar to Mill believe of the greatest happiness/good for the greatest number. By protecting multiple members of one’s family and killing a person is better the members of one’s family ge tting hurt or killed. Even though the idea of Utilitarianism was a reality until the late 1700s and early 1800s, Aristotle was laying groundwork for the greatest good for the greatest number. First, Aristotle defines happiness as, â€Å"an end that justifies all other ends†Show MoreRelatedShould We Be Happy For Absolutely No Reason? Essay921 Words   |  4 Pagesto Be Happy for Absolutely No Reason By Jason Demakis | Submitted On July 24, 2014 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Jason Demakis Learn to be happy for no reason. If you re happy for a reasonRead MoreHappy Birthday Speech Essay943 Words   |  4 PagesOk, ladies, I am going to be honest with you on this one. Every time I hear this question, all I want to say is – why won’t people leave their exes alone? No, seriously, why not leave them alone? Can you imagine if all of your exes were texting you ‘Happy Birthday’? Wouldn’t that be creepy? And now, to take one step further, let’s not forget that our calendars are full of other important dates – Christmas, New Year, Valentine’s Day, Thanksgiving†¦ Should you send them your ‘best wishes’ on these daysRead MoreSacrifice in Life of Pi, Pi by Yann Martel Essays551 Words   |  3 Pagesfor cancer. Being happy is not just healthy, but it is also rewarding for each and every individual. We strive to find anything that will turn a bad day to a good one. Individuals will compromise to attain their happiness. You can not get what you want without giving something first. To achieve happiness you will end up sacrificing. This can be either an object, mental state, physical well being, and even self awareness. There are many different ways to achieve being happy. In Life of Pi, PiRead MoreEssay On Online Marketing921 Words   |  4 PagesThis is a true story. So, my co-worker and I are sitting in the van at work brainstorming about how we can make more money and have our happy ending. We also had a heart to heart discussion on how we are going to retire on Social Security and our pension and keep up our style of living. We quickly concluded that it was not possible. Ever the optimist (me) and ever the realist (her), we started to look online for answers since that is where the solution to everything can be found these days. OpeningRead MoreNotes On Life Greatest Treasure 882 Words   |  4 PagesTreasure 2. Why is this rickshaw driver from India so happy if he barely makes enough money to survive every day? The main reason I think this man is as happy as the average American, is because he does not know any other way of living. For example: people were happy before Ethernet existed, but now what happens if you take the Ethernet away from someone that has used the Ethernet? They will probably go mad. It doesn’t surprise how happy this person is, and I think hes the envy of a lot of peopleRead MoreEssay Rear Window, by Alfred Hitchcock626 Words   |  3 Pagesdialogue between Jeffries, Lisa, and Stella to show societies interest in pain, tragedy, and discomfort, and in the end you see how tragedy is what makes everyone happy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From the very beginning of Rear Window we encounter scenes where Hitchcock shows Stella being sadistic, but we come to realize later that it is not just Stella. Stella is just the only one who speaks out about it. You must observe all the other characters actions and reactions to truly see. Stella tells Jeffries that â€Å"we have becomeRead MoreThe Book If You Feel Happy 1558 Words   |  7 Pagesthemselves that they are happy—despite misery. This could, in turn, let them push their problems away. Telling themselves they are happy in fact can be healthier for their state of mind. In the book it states, ‘â€Å"If you feel happy,† writes research psychologist Johnathon Freedman, â€Å"you are happy—that’s all we mean by the term (Freedman).†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ What he means by this is, despite how life treats us or how many times it runs us into the ground, if we tell ourselves that we are happy, we can live in happinessRead More De ath Of A Salesman (happy) Essay591 Words   |  3 Pages Happy Loman has grown up to be a well-adjusted man of society. He has developed from a follower to a potentially successful businessman. Throughout his childhood, Happy always had to settle for second fiddle. Willy, his father, always seems to focus all his attention on Happys older brother Biff. The household conversation would constantly be about how Biff is going to be a phenomenal football star, how Biff will be attending the University of Virginia and be the big man on campus, how Biff isRead MoreHappiness Essay1131 Words   |  5 PagesWhat makes a person happy? Happiness is an endless path in life. Everyone has a different opinion about what makes them happy. People have always been attentive to the issue of what makes humans happy. However, getting a large amount of money is a pursuit for many people, especially the young generation around the world. In the article, â€Å"Get Happy† by Walter Mosley, he states how, â€Å"Happiness is considered by most to be a subs et of wealth† (87). Quote above explains how money is the first thingRead MoreHuman Nature And Science Corrupts Human Beings1711 Words   |  7 Pagesbelieve the more money they have, the more problems they will have in their life. There is a saying that goes â€Å"it’s better to be poor and happy than being rich and miserable.† I believe that the experiences that one is to have matter the most in the world, I rather be poor and happy than rich and miserable. If you have all the money in the world and you are not happy with yourself, the money does not mean anything. In the case of technology, it is something that corrupts human beings. People do not

Regulation of Business Market Organizations †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about thre Regulation of Business Market Organizations. Answer: Introduction: The term property under the PRC includes both intangible and tangible property where intangible property includes intellectual property rights such as trademarks, patents, copyrights and any other intellectual or scientific achievements. Tangible property is divided into specific properties divided into specific property and class property[1]. Class property refers to items that are identifiable like building or painting whereas specific property refers to property that has common features and is capable of being determined by types or quantities. In China, statutory provisions stipulated in the Constitution and the Civil Code regulate property law. The concept of public interest has gained more and more popularity in China in the past decades. The notion of public interest in China is termed as gongyi and is related to public interests and welfare. The concept of public interest appears in Chinese property laws and in several other laws and legislations as well. However, the exact meaning of the term lacks concrete definition, thus, making it difficult to describe the same. According to the Chinese law, the right of important domain cannot be exercised unless there arises any need that is related to public interest. However, if the state must exercise eminent domain in the interest of the public, it is important that the term be defined precisely. Laws and regulation in China have failed to provide proper definition of public interest. The state has been applying a method of incomplete enumeration, which implies that actions that qualify as public interest have not been expressly provided. Eminent domain laws have been in existence in China more than half century, and though some of the laws states the types of public projects for which eminent domain is used, but a proper definition of the concept public interest was not provided[2]. The property law in China encompasses the transfer, ownership and creation of property in the Peoples Republic of China. Eminent domain is the power of government to take public land for public purpose. The law of eminent domain derives from the concept of taking clause according to which private property cannot be used for the use of public. The government determi nes that it requires private land for the benefit of the public, for instance, construction of new highway. In China, individuals are not permitted to own a land in private but may obtain land-use rights that are transferrable for years in exchange of fees. At present, the maximum period within which urban land-use rights are granted, for personal use such as housing purposes is seventy years[3]. Additionally, individuals are entitled to possess land for private purpose such as constructing residential apartments and houses on the land (home ownership). However, the individuals are not entitled to own lands for residential purposes, especially, when there are buildings already constructed on such land. The transfer of property can be conducted through gift, sale or any other legal means. At the time of transfer of the property, the home ownership as well as land-use rights are also transferred along with the property. The transfer of property is often subjected to several restrictions, which prohibited transfer of the land-use rights. The land-use rights are prohibited when the state reclaims such land in compliance with law. The other circumstance under which the land-use rights are restricted to be transferred is when the property has not been registered properly and official document of ownership has not been obtained. It is important to register home ownership and urban land-use rights. Local authorities at conduct the registration process or above the country level and a certificate of rights and ownership are issued after registration[4]. The Constitution of PRC safeguards private property in China. Article 13 of the Constitution stipulates that the private property of citizens is unbreakable. According to the law, the state safeguards the rights of the citizens to private property and the right to legacy of the citizens of the country[5]. The Property Rights law was enacted in 2007, after the legislative debate that had been in continuance for over a decade. The comprehensive legislation on property establishes a property rights protection framework, which further safeguards immovable property and movable property. The statute discusses about the establishment, transfer, elimination and alteration of property-related ownerships rights and the registration of property rights and exercise of such rights. However, the natural resources owned by states are exempted from registration. Moreover, in addition to the Property Rights law, various other laws regulate real property in China, which includes the following legislations. PRC law on Land Management, the Interim Regulations Concerning the Assignment and Transfer of the Right to Use State-owned Land in Urban Areas (Assignment Regulations), the Land Registration Measures and the PRC law on the Administration of Urban Real Estate (Urban Real Estate Law). According to the Land laws and the Constitution, Chinese individuals are not entitled to own natural resources and land privately[6]. According to the Constitution, the state is entitled to own the lands situated in the urban areas whereas the state or the local collectives are entitled to own the lands situated in the suburban and rural areas. However, the individuals may obtain rights to utilize the land from the state as the land-use rights under the Property Rights law is an usufructuary right that permits the right holder, to use the property and use the pro fit arising from such property, that is owned by another[7]. In the urban areas, the state may grant the land-use rights to the land users in exchange of fees charged paid them to the state. The state council is legally authorized to provide maximum periods for which land-use rights may be granted. Land-use rights may be granted for other purposes such as military or government use, public use, infrastructure facilities etc. When land rights are granted for these purposes, the landowners are not required to pay any compensation or fee or any other resettlement expenses. According to Article 64 of the Property Rights Law, the individuals in China are entitled to enjoy ownership of movable and immovable properties as their legitimate incomes such as production tools, raw materials, houses and articles for daily use. However, individuals are entitled to own real estate including residential apartments and houses but cannot own the land on which such building and structures are situated. The Supreme Peoples Court of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) issued the Provisions on Several Issues Concerning the Application of the PRC Company Law (IV) (Draft for Public Consultation) (Judicial Interpretation IV) on 25 August 2017, that came into effect on September 1, 2017. These provisions are relevant to all companies, irrespective of the fact whether the company is foreign or domestically invested. The key features that have been introduced in the provisions issued by the Supreme Court include the following elements. Firstly, it has constricted the requirements on corporate resolutions to be conducted by the board of directors and the shareholders in China[8]. Secondly, it had further constricted the rights of the shareholder to inspect the company documents in the country. Thirdly, in case of any document violations, maintenance obligations or disclosure of commercial secrets, damages may be claimed from the shareholder or his accountant or lawyer, senior manager or Director of the company. Fourthly, the provision has clarified preemptive purchase rights during equity transfers, which may generate updates to existing Articles of Association and existing contracts[9]. Lastly, the provisions have further clarified the role of litigation with respect to liability claims against the supervisors, senior managers, directors and third parties of a company in China. Judicial Interpretation IV elaborates the detailed procedure for the enforcement of shareholders pre-emptive rights of purchasing equity interests that is stipulated under Article 71 of the Peoples Republic of China Company Law[10]. The provision states that a shareholder of a limited liability company may transfer all or part of their equity interests amongst themselves. Where equity interests of a shareholder is transferred to a person other than a shareholder, it requires more than half of the other shareholders to give consent for such transfer. The shareholders must give a written notification to the other shareholders regarding the transfer of equity interests to obtain their consent. In case, the shareholders fail to reply within 30 days of the receipt of such written notification, it shall amount to the consent of the shareholders. Further, of more than half of the shareholders do not give their consent to such transfer, the shareholders who dissents shall purchase the equity interests, which were to be transferred. In case, they do not purchase such equity interests, it shall be considered as consent given for such transfer of equity interests. Under circumstances, where all the conditions for transferring the equity interests are equal, the other shareholders shall be given priority purchase right for the equity interests, the transfer of which has been consented by the shareholders. If two or more shareholders exercise the priority purchase right, that shall be determined by the respective purchase ratio upon consultation. In case of failure in consultation, they shall be entitled to exercise priority purchase right according to the proportion of their respective ratio of capital contribution while transferring the equity interests. However, in case, the articles of association of the company otherwise provi de procedure for transfer of equity interests, such procedure shall prevail and followed[11]. The PRC Company Law briefly stipulates that the other shareholders shall be entitled to preemptive rights to acquire equity interests with respect to equal terms, if a shareholder of a limited liability company transfers his or her equity in the company. While the law stipulates that there are specific provisions under the articles of Associations of a company, such provision shall prevail, the legal provisions are simple and lack effective operability. The Judicial Interpretation IV supplements the existing laws stipulated in the Company law with respect to the re-emptive rights of purchasing equity interests of the shareholders. Firstly, the Judicial Interpretation IV clarifies that pre-emptive rights cannot e claimed in case of inheritance unless the Articles of Associations of a company provides such right or all the shareholders consensually agree with the fact that pre-emptive rights can be claimed in case of inheritance. Secondly, it includes factors that must be taken into consideration for determining under the same conditions under Article 71 (pre-emptive right) of the PRC Company law and should include but was not restricted to the price of equity interests to be transferred timeline and payment mode[12]. In regards to the conditions for exercising the preemptive right, the Judicial interpretation specifically states that equal terms and conditions under the PRC Company Law shall be determine considering the factors such as transfer price of the equity, quantity of the equity, maturity and payment method. Such factors shall be applicable with respect to the written notices as well. It further stated that shareholder of a limited liability company that if the article of association of a company lays down the time within which the claim for transferring equity interests is to be made, the claim shall be within that period. If no such notice period is mentioned, the time shall remain to be thirty days. Furthermore, Judicial Interpretation IV does not have a provision relating to the validity of the contracts that contravenes the pre-emptive rights of other shareholders. However, it clarifies that if any other shareholder challenges the validity of the contract for contravening preemptive rights shall request for purchase of the equity at issue on equal terms and conditions at the same time[13]. However, if such shareholder challenges the validity of a contract but refuses to purchase the equity interest, his or her claim shall be dismissed by the Chinese Court. Thus, the Judicial Interpretation stated that if the preemptive right is infringed the other shareholder may file petition before the court for making claims for purchasing such equity interest relevant to the terms and conditions of the external transfer transaction. Therefore, it can be inferred that the Judicial Interpretation IV has been a significant reform of the PRC Company Law. It is a wide-ranging piece of legal document that strikes a balance between the minority and majority shareholder and the shareholders and the other stakeholders of a company. The interpretation intends to supplement the rules already stated in the PRC with a view to fortify operability of the statute. China has adopted the cap and trade system under the National Carbon Trading Scheme for the carbon dioxide emissions that has been implemented in 2017. This Emission-Trading Scheme (ETS) creates a carbon market, which enables the emitters to purchase and sell emission credits. This trading scheme shall assist the country to reduce emissions but permit economic freedom from the emitters to purchase or reduce emission allowances from the other emitters[14]. Chinas National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) issued the Notice of the General Office of the National Development and Reform Commission on the Pilot Trading of Carbon Emission Rights in 2011. The seven pilot programs include Guangdong, Beijing, Chongqing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Hubei and Shenzhento. The goal of carbon ETS Pilot programs is to reduce carbon intensity through market-based mechanisms. NDRC requested before the local governments where the pilot programs are situated to consider adopting procedures and regulations with the objective to establish emission caps and set up a system for allowance allocations[15]. It also required MRV systems and create a carbon exchange platform to reduce carbon intensity. The Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) are an essential part of emission trading scheme. The mandatory participants must implement the monitoring system, report about the annual emissions and verify the report through an accredited third party within stipulated period. Each pilot entity has established its respective MRV system. A mandatory participant was required to surrender a sufficient amount of allowance that equal to the volume of its actual carbon emission. However, despite the fact that the country has powerful leadership, it still faces a series of challenges that acts as hindrances in the setting up and implementation of the Carbon ETS[16]. Firstly, the need to build a national statutory framework to harmonize, integrate and expand the pilot programs. The Investors must have legal certainty and the presence of political stability is required to ensure that the profits earned by the country are not affected. Secondly, there is lack of transparency, which would make it difficult to build confidence in the market participants. Last but not the least, the issue relating to price volatility is the most significant issue, which arises due to over allocation of allowances that occurred in the EU ETS as well. The Standing Committee of the National Peoples Congress that is, Chinas top legislature has asserted that it would conduct extensive and speedy research to develop a new corporate statutory framework[17]. One of the objectives of the Section 1 of Chapter 50 of 13th Five-year plan is to unify laws and regulations for foreign and domestic capital. The Director of the Department of Foreign Investment Administration at the Ministry of Commerce opined that it aims at revising and unifying domestic laws on foreign investments. It further stated that it would concentrate on the equal treatment of domestic and foreign investments, strengthening the security review, ensuring future reforms of foreign investments regulations[18]. The Standing Committee held that government regulators are required to act transparently and independently to ensure that all domestic enterprises including the foreign invested enterprises are entitled to equal treatment and are permitted to participate in a fair competition. The central government of China has vowed to provide wide access to investment access, unify laws and regulations on the foreign and domestic investments. The other objective stipulated under Section 1 of Chapter 50 of the 13th Five-year Plan is to make improvements in the national security review system for foreign investment. In January 2015 the Ministry of Commerce has published a draft Foreign Investment Law (FIL) under which Chapter 4 reaffirms that China is about to apply a national security system (NSRS) to all foreign investment that either contravenes or attempts to infringe the national security[19]. In July 2015, the Standing committee of the National Peoples Congress introduced the State Security Law that includes definition of state security framework and the assurance of state security, etc. Article 59 of the State Security specifically proposed to establish a state security review and an oversight mechanism with respect to foreign investment, main technologies, network information technology products, etc[20]. Furthermore, in November 2015, the Standing committee of the National Peoples Congress publicized the Seed law, Article 62 of which proposed the establishment of review system about foreign investment in the Seed Industry. The ever-growing national security concern that is reflected in these legislations portrays the stability as well as the persistency of the countrys position in ensuring a comprehensive protection of the security of the nation. Bibliography Berkowitz, Daniel, Chen Lin, and Yue Ma. "Do property rights matter? Evidence from a property law enactment." Journal of Financial Economics 116.3 (2015): 583-593. Bouffard, J., Cooper, M. and Bergseth, K., 2017. The effectiveness of various restorative justice interventions on recidivism outcomes among juvenile offenders.Youth Violence and Juvenile Jus Braithwaite, J.B., 2016. Restorative Justice and Responsive Regulation: The Question of Evidence. Brander, James A., Victor Cui, and Ilan Vertinsky. "China and intellectual property rights: A challenge to the rule of law." Journal of International Business Studies 48.7 (2017): 908-921. Cao, Cong, et al. "Reforming China's ST system." Science341.6145 (2013): 460-462. Cartwright, J., 2016.Navigating the Accountability and Wellbeing Nexus: Practitioners' Experiences of Restorative Justice Processes with Youth Violent Offenders(Doctoral dissertation, University of Auckland). Chen, Jianfu. Chinese law: Context and transformation. Brill, 2015. Clamp, K. ed., 2016.Restorative justice in transitional settings. Routledge. Crawford, A. and Newburn, T., 2013.Youth offending and restorative justice. Routledge. Cui, Lian-Biao, et al. "How will the emissions trading scheme save cost for achieving Chinas 2020 carbon intensity reduction target?." Applied Energy 136 (2014): 1043-1052. Dong, Bingying, Ling Zhu, and Meifeng Luo. "The People's Republic of China." Int'l J. Marine Coastal L. 29 (2014): 158. Feldman, Mark. "China's outbound foreign direct investment: the US. Hawes, Colin, Alex KL Lau, and Angus Young. "The Chinese" Oppression" Remedy: Creative Interpretations of Company Law by Chinese Courts." The American Journal of Comparative Law63.3 (2015): 559-600. Hawes, Colin, Alex KL Lau, and Angus Young. "The Chinese" Oppression" Remedy: Creative Interpretations of Company Law by Chinese Courts." The American Journal of Comparative Law63.3 (2015): 559-600. Hipple, N.K., Duwe, G. and Northcutt Bohmert, M., 2016. Evaluating Restorative Justice Circles of Support and Accountability (COSA): Can Social Support Overcome Structural Barriers?. Jiang, Jingjing, et al. "Research on Chinas cap-and-trade carbon emission trading scheme: Overview and outlook." Applied Energy178 (2016): 902-917. Johnstone, G., 2013.Restorative justice: Ideas, values, debates. Routledge. Kielsgard, Mark D., and Lei Chen. "The Emergence of Private Property Law in China and Its Impact on Human Rights." APLPJ15 (2014): 94. Kielsgard, Mark D., and Lei Chen. "The Emergence of Private Property Law in China and Its Impact on Human Rights." APLPJ15 (2014): 94. Larsen, J.J., 2014.Restorative justice in the Australian criminal justice system. Canberra, Australia: Australian Institute of Criminology. Sherman, L.W., Strang, H., Mayo-Wilson, E., Woods, D.J. and Ariel, B., 2015. Are restorative justice conferences effective in reducing repeat offending? Findings from a Campbell systematic review.Journal of quantitative criminology,31(1), pp.1-24. Strang, H. and Braithwaite, J. eds., 2017.Restorative justice: Philosophy to practice. Routledge. Strang, H., 2017. Restorative Justice Conferencing (RJC) Using Face-to-Face Meetings of Offenders and Victims: Effects on Offender Recidivism and Victim Satisfaction: A Systematic Review. Campbell Systematic Reviews 2013: 12. Van Ness, D.W. and Strong, K.H., 2014.Restoring justice: An introduction to restorative justice. Routledge. Ward, T., Fox, K.J. and Garber, M., 2014. Restorative justice, offender rehabilitation and desistance.Restorative Justice,2(1), pp.24-42. Zehr, H., 2015.Changing lenses: restorative justice for our times. Harrisonburg: Herald Press. Lin, Delia. "Notions of justice: A comparative cultural analysis." The International Journal of Evidence Proof 21.1-2 (2017): 79-86. Nathan, Andrew J. "China's Challenge." Journal of Democracy26.1 (2015): 156-170. Nathan, Andrew J., and Andrew Scobell. China's search for security. Columbia University Press, 2015. Qiao, Shitong, and Frank K. Upham. "China's Changing Property Law Landscape." (2017). Wang, Jiang Yu. Company Law in China: Regulation of Business Organizations in a Socialist Market Economy. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2014. Wu, Fengshi. "An Emerging Group Name" Gongyi": Ideational Collectivity in China's Civil Society." China Review 17.2 (2017): 123-150. Zhang, Da, et al. "Emissions trading in China: Progress and prospects." Energy policy 75 (2014): 9-16. Zhou, Tianshu. "Rethinking China's Reform of Corporate Governance: A Perspective of Path Dependence." (2017).

Ethics in Group Counseling

Abstract Ethical issues are at the heart of the counseling process and practice. This paper discusses the issue of ethics with close consideration of professional practice of counseling and therapy. The paper narrows down to the complexity of ethical issues that counselors face in group settings in comparison to individual therapy.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics in Group Counseling specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It further discusses the issue of leadership and leadership challenges in group therapy. The paper concludes by shedding light on the reason behind preference of group counseling to individual counseling by counselors. Ethical issues in Counseling Ethics can be defined in various ways depending on one’s profession and context. It refers to the code of conduct that is supposed to be followed by a person or a group of persons especially in regards to their duties. Ethics demands the observa nce of high levels of moral values. According to Hill (2004, p. 131), in counseling, the issue of legal principles is considered depending on the impacts of the counseling case being handled. In addition, Pan et al. (2012, p. 349) add that the cultural norms of the society from which the victim comes are also considered in the process. Freeman et al. (2004, p. 163) also reveal that the codes of conduct in counseling are closely intertwined with the values that counselors have to follow. Ethics guides the counselor and the client on the ‘do’s and don’ts’ that they have to abide by throughout the counseling process. It enhances the efficiency and effectiveness of therapy sessions. In addition, the ethical code of conduct in counseling enables the counselor to gain trust from the client. However, counselors differ in their levels of commitment to the ethical conduct and moral values. In fact, Freeman et al. (2004, p. 163) argue that some counselors underrate the actual intensity of the moral values in counseling. It is not enough to abide by the set standards in the counseling process. However, the beliefs and relationships that one has gained in life should enable him or her to make a sound interpretation of the case. It is therefore important for the counselor to strike a balance in all the cases that he or she handles.Advertising Looking for essay on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Crespi (2009, p. 273), it is important for the counselor and learners to learn the legal principles that guide the process of counseling by governing the standards to be observed by the counselor and the client. Moreover, Hill (2004, p. 131) affirms that legal principles also set up the punishments to be followed by the offenders in a counseling case. They also stipulate the consequences of violating the counseling conduct by either the client or the therapist. Legal doctrines th erefore ensure that no one violates, abuses, or neglects the counseling ethics. In addition, the ideologies control and regulate the licensing process. Licenses ensure that only the vetted and recommended counselors are involved in a professional counseling. Such a move eliminates quarks hence ensuring high professional standards in the process. The licensing bodies control the renewal of such licenses. Such guidelines also elaborate how and when a client can claim liability from a therapist who fails to meet the terms of the agreement. Malott, Paone, Humphreys, and Martinez (2010, p. 257) argue that ethics in counseling are also regulated by the cultural norms of the society. Every profession has its norms on what is right and wrong. Professional bodies have the responsibility of setting specific standards that stakeholders have to uphold. For example, in America, the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs set the counseling standards to be adhered to by counseling stakeholders. In psychological counseling, the counselor and the client are guided by a set of psychological counseling ethics as set by their regulating bodies. With counseling standards in place, both the counselor and the client are protected hence making the procedure professional. In addition, the professional bodies set the academic qualification standards that the counselors must present before being admitted as professionals. The level of education, experience, and dedication that the counselor must have is also stipulated.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics in Group Counseling specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Such vetting and professional authentication is done to ensure professionalism in dealing with clients of diverse backgrounds. Professional counselors will not rush for trial and error, but will only administer remedies after a clear analysis of the case and having gathered su bstantial evidence. In every profession, ethical issues are hard to abide by, even becoming more challenging when one is dealing with several human beings. Stephens (2010, p. 509) add that a counselor must be well equipped in group skills for him or her to handle a group in counseling. Every group has its own dynamic complexities. In fact, conflicts increase with an increase in the number of group members. It is ethically required that every counselor should therefore have the necessary skills required in handling group dynamics. Every member of the group should get a different screening procedure besides being understood according to his or her behavior and character. Such close evaluation should also be done on potential group members. Other personal qualities like and economic background should also been factored. For example, it would be difficult for university graduates to appreciate counseling when they are placed in groups of primary school dropouts. The counselor should hav e skills to interpret the mental status. Emotional stability of a client to withstand the truth should also be measured accordingly. According to Wade (2012, p. 329), religious beliefs and spiritual foundations of every individual in a group should also be appreciated. For example, Christians have respect for Jesus Christ as the son of God and strict adherence to the Ten Commandments. On the other hand, Muslims have strict adherence to the Quran and the words of Prophet Mohammed. In most cases, spiritual foundations of individuals dictate what their values are and or whether they observe them or not. A counselor may forever labor for years in unearthing and treating certain cases of mental and psychological sicknesses if they continue with the counseling process without initial personal screening. It is from a deep understanding of the client that guides the counselor in the therapy process.Advertising Looking for essay on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Counselors cannot gain wisdom through the process of academic training: God gives wisdom. In fact, wisdom seems to be naturally occurring in some people. Complexity of some group cases requires the counselor to have enough wisdom on top of his or her professional training. Good judgment also enables the therapist to forecast the implications of certain cases in the future. Some effects of counseling may go far ahead to determining how individuals make decisions in the future. Therapists must be able to withstand the morality test of the society that goes beyond what they do with their life in and outside the office. Counselors must have high ethical standards that enable them avoid compromise. For instance, a counselor ought to avoid doing wrong even when every other person says it is right to do so. Counselors should be guided by what is right in the eyes of God and the law. When one is compromised, their moral and ethical standings are highly affected. In counseling, one faces dif ferent personalities. Therapists who are not strong in their moral standing may even fall prey of the evils that their clients commit. A counselor may easily be enjoined in drug abuse legal case, firearm handling, and sexual immorality cases amongst others. Although, a fee is paid for therapy, counselors should not be money minded. Money is a factor in most instances of the failure of counselors to observe moral and ethical principles. It is wrong for a counselor to forfeit his or her ethical guidelines in order to gain more money. Counselors should therefore adopt ethical means of earning their livelihood to avoid compromise. After counseling, clients assumed to have gained the necessary skills in handling life on their own. It is not enough for the counselor to give verbal and written guidelines to clients and leave them to their own devices in life. Effective counseling should bear visible fruits. According Jen der pan (2011, p. 779), the counselor should give the clients some li fe skills that will enable them to live well by interacting with others comfortably in the society. At the end of the counseling session, clients should appreciate the undertaking. They should be able to move forward and forget their past unproductive lives to adopting a beneficial life. Counseling should reduce human suffering. Therapy should eliminate or reduce mental and emotional suffering that the client suffered before counseling to minimal levels. According to Wade (2012, p. 329), clients should handle the condition that faced them before counseling without any assistance. By extension, they should assist other victims of similar situations. The sustainability of the effects of counseling depends on experience, academic qualifications, and commitment of the counselor. The remedy to counseling cases should have a permanent or long lasting effect. Issues Unique to Group Therapy Group counseling is different from individual counseling. Although group counseling is similar to ind ividual counseling in some ways, there are many differences between the two. In a group counseling, the counselor must understand that each individual in the group is unique in some ways. Unlike individual counseling, various personality traits are brought together in group therapy. The confidentiality of every individual client must be maintained even when clients are grouped together for therapy unless the clients agree on disclosure. The counselor has to understand the specific problems that each client faces. Although there may be similarities in the cases, there are unique differences in individual cases that the counselor must differentiate. Every member of the group would want to hear his or her individual problems being addressed by the counselor. The counseling program must touch on the problems that they face. If the whole counseling process does not address the challenges that they face, they will not appreciate the need for attending the counseling sessions. Group counse ling involves dynamics such as advising members not to share information concerning the counseling sessions when they are out of class. To the counselors, it is likely to become very hard for them to control their clients once they live the counseling halls. However, it is their discretion to advise the client against it and to ensure that the rules of counseling are upheld. When individuals are in groups, they are likely to form social alignments before, during, or after the session. Since man is a social animal, it is likely to be difficult for such individuals to refrain from sharing their experiences in the sessions. However, Der Pan et al. (20012, p. 731) argue that it is upon the counselor to train the clients on how to mark certain boundaries in their communication. When the clients in groups understand what can be disclosed to others and or what is private, it becomes easier even for the entire counseling process. Issues that are disclosed by each individual during the group s are not to be discussed by other members outside the session. Information that individual clients disclose to the counselor or to the group for example personal experiences should not be discussed with other people outside the conference. Crespi (2009, p. 273) affirms that the counselor is charged with the responsibility of ensuring that all group members understand the rules, regulations, and legal principles concerning counseling. In a group counseling setting, the counselor must ensure that he or she gains trust from the clients. It is also imperative that the group members begin to trust each other with information. Conviction is important since it speeds up the rate of information disclosure. According to Piper (2007, p. 130), without personal disclosure, counseling becomes almost unfruitful. Each client must begin by owning his or her individual situations before seeking advice on what to do about it. After owning the process, the same client should be ready to make it known to a trusted therapist. According to Yildirim (2012, p. 130), the level of disclosure determines the kind of treatment and professional counseling that the client receives. However, most of the counselors are tempted to ignore the need for confidentiality. Such ignorance can result in dangerous impacts. For example, when counseling a woman who has been unable to get out of lesbianism, it may be very dangerous to disclose such information to the public or to her friends. It would even be worse to divulge information about a man who joins the group for counseling after a long struggle with impotence. Such revelation can amount to soiling of personal demeanor. Other people can even begin to disregard the person. No client can unveil such information to a therapist whom he or she believes or has evidence that the therapist cannot keep confidential information. Trust and confidentiality are therefore crucial in a group counseling. Every group should have strict adherence to ethical cont rol. The counselor has the greatest responsibility in controlling what happens in the group. Individual clients in a group setting have little or no control of what happens during the session. The kind of communication that majorly happens in a group setting can be both beneficial and detrimental to the group. Sharing of individual experiences and the content of learning can be valuable to the individual clients. The counselor is therefore charged with the duty to monitor and control the group members when they are on the session and when they finish the sessions. In a group setting, members are also bound to influence one another into various acts. Every member of the group is therefore bound to learn and emulate certain traits from the other members. The danger involved in this process is that a client can join the group with a need to be counseled on a certain issue but end up being predisposed to learning other awful traits. Every member learns from one another. Luke and Hackney (2007, p. 287), argue that leaning is a continuous activity. As members interact in the group, a lot of exchange happens. The counselor should therefore be very keen to monitor the level of communication that is entailed in the group. It is also important that professional ethos be observed when assigning counseling groups to individuals. For instance, a client may come for the counseling session due to family conflicts. Another client may also come for the session with a similar problem. Hence, the counselor will be tempted to put them under one class. However, one client may be an alcoholic in addition to being in family wrangles. Such a person may influence the other into alcoholism within the several days that they interact in the therapy. Such dynamics are majorly out of peer pressure. Disclosure of information in a group setting may also take a lot of time. In fact, some clients may never divulge information about their problems in a group setting. In such cases, there is a s trong bond of peer influence or fear in the group. A member of the group may fear what others may say about him, or worse still what they can believe about him or her after the disclosure. In many instances, clients are forced to lie in order to save their face from the group. The counselor should therefore be very vigilant in order to identify such dynamics and react to them before they become a major problem. In some cases, peer pressure in group counseling becomes very hard to disengage. The group members can also agree not conceal any information to the counselor. Such actions make the counseling process very difficult. It is against the counseling ethics to coerce members of the group to change behavior. In a group setting, members can force others to behave in a particular way against their will by making some members appear foolish in the presence of others. Such members are therefore forced to change their behavior even when they are on the right. Coercion from the therapist himself or herself is also unethical. In fact, intimidation from the group leaders and the counselor makes the victim lie or refuse to reveal the truth. According to Banks (2005, p. 17), if the client does not disclose the correct information to the counselor, the process is likely to experience many hurdles and fail to be successful. It is therefore imperative for the counselor to ensure that none of the clients is coerced from any corner especially in giving information and changing of behavior. The counselor should be vigilant to ensure that no one compels the other into acting in a strange way. Good behavior should be cultivated in a sensible way. The clients should be at liberty to change their bad behavior to leap the benefits of good conduct. In a group setting, diversity cannot be underrated. It may result in stereotyping. PAN (2012, p. 139) affirms that members of a group may come from different ethnic and cultural backgrounds. Therefore, they may be different in the way t hey do things or even believe. Every member should therefore be taught to respect each other’s beliefs and diversity. No tribe or ethnic community is better relative to the other. According to Luke and Hackney (2007, p. 287), members of the group may have variations in educational levels, economic levels, and even social status. The counselor must ensure that each member appreciates this multiplicity. In fact, Yildirim (2012, p. 129) affirms that group members should be encouraged to learn from one another and to enquire more in confirmation of facts and biases. It is against the counseling ethics to prejudice and or stereotype others. It is the role of the counselor and the group leader to ensure that every group is properly integrated to represent the image of a wider group. Malott, Paone, Humphreys, and Martinez (2010, p. 257) are for the opinion that the counselor should ensure that members of a similar cultural orientation are not placed in a similar group unless the pre vailing circumstances dictate so. Failure of members to condone and embrace diversity is likely to indicate the weakness of the counselor. Counseling skills, experience, and education should make the counselor an authority in the field. It should therefore be easy for him or her to make the members tolerant to other people’s beliefs and cultural stands. Cultural beliefs are deeply entrenched into people’s lives. Any contravention of it may result in conflicts. It is ethically wrong for group members to be dishonest. Without the truth, the whole group may not benefit from the counseling process. Dishonesty is even likely to make the counselor unprofessional. The moment various clients visit the counselor and undergo the full counseling program but fail not change from their past unbecoming behavior, the counselor is compromised. He or she is seen as a quark or a non-performer. Counseling in a group setting should be result oriented. If all members of the group are insin cere in their confessions and discussions, the group cannot progress. It will reach a point where the fabrication will require sophisticated deception to cover the initial ones. Members who are misleading live in tension and cannot trust each other. Yildirim (2012, p. 129) argues that dishonesty among members is likely to result in interpersonal conflicts among the associates of the group. No one would like to be embittered. In such circumstances, group members cannot even feel free to discuss their experiences and thoughts with the rest of the group members. Others will immediately or slowly withdraw from active participation in the group activities the moment they realize that the rest are deceitful. Gumpert and Black (2006, p. 61) affirm that the counselor is therefore charged with the responsibility of cultivating integrity among various members of the group. All these ethical dynamics of group counseling discussed above can result in the breaking of the group. When counselors f orm psychotherapy groups, they always have plans and objectives to achieve through them. When a group breaks out of the above ethical problems, the members and the counselor have to lose the mutual benefit. According to Hong et al. (2012, p. 180), it is unethical for a group to be terminated immaturely in the presence of a trained counselor. This case is likely to indicate failure and incompetence. The counselor is blamed for not being able to exercise expertise and leadership skills. The members are also blamed for having no sense of direction and purpose in their undertaking. The honest, truthful, and rule-abiding clients may never join such groups again hence making it unwelcoming to the therapist and the whole idea of counseling. People may begin to lose interest in counseling or even fail to value it. Out of group break ups, the societal issues of uncouth acts will remain unsolved. The idea of counseling is underrated when clients cannot trust the therapists. The counselor is u ndermined, with his or her work being seen as unfruitful while the society continues experiencing difficulties in dealing with psychotherapy cases. The result is that unqualified persons who may not have the knowhow of conducting such activities will be left to do the counseling. By the end of it all, members of the society may result into violent means of solving differences among them hence harming each other. The society may not understand those that are psychologically sick. It may even treat them badly resulting in the worsening of their situation. Counseling is therefore imperative in the society. Hong et al. (2012, p. 179) affirm that therapists should also be keen to ensure that all members of the group respect the ethical guidelines of the counseling process. With good ethical guidelines and adherence, both the counselor and clients will benefit. Reasons as to why Therapists choose Group over Individual Counseling Experiences in individual counseling are completely differen t from group counseling. In counseling, both individual and group counseling are important. However, most of the counseling therapists prefer counseling groups than an individual. There are various reasons for counselors to engage group counseling than individual counseling. One of the reasons for preferring on group counseling is that members in groups develop a feeling of being equal to one another. A counseling group is just like a class or a school situation where all members are equal. Crits-Christoph et al. (2013, p. 24) observe that, when members are in a group, they begin to appreciate that the problems that they experience are not unique to them only. Others also experience it. The gap and the tension that the client experiences when he or she is alone with the counselor is eliminated. Group therapy is therefore important for the people that appreciate being with others. Such people can even divulge more information to the counselor relative to when they are alone. Therapis ts would therefore prefer dealing with such groups than individuals. Group therapy is also better than individual counseling since it is more lively and encouraging than when one is faced with a single individual alone. Pan et al. (2012, p. 349) add that, when clients are in a group, they appreciate the words and directions of the counselor than when they are just alone. Groups are also better because when one member becomes dull or decides not to share information, others remain vigorous hence encouraging the therapist to carry on with the process of counseling. In such a situation, the counselor is also encouraged to perform better in order to keep those that are keen in better positions. In a group setting, members also discuss with others about the areas where they may not have understood during the process. It is also important to note that, in some instances, the counselor may not be able to clearly articulate a certain point in the course of counseling. In such circumstances, a group member can assist those that did not understand. Such an opportunity to learn from each other is not present in individual counseling. Members that prefer being appreciated also benefit from group counseling since there are many people to compliment them. Compliments raise their level of self-esteem, with such members making the work of the therapist easier. Piper (2007, p.130) affirms that the counselor in a group setting is also likely to face more questions than when he or she is counseling an individual. Questions are an indication of openness and the need to know. The counselor will therefore achieve his goals more easily when the members are active. Questions are a source of feedback for the counselor to evaluate himself. In a group therapy, members are able to appreciate the fact they do not face the circumstance alone. According to Banks (2005, p. 17), when clients meet in a group and share information on personal experiences, they realize that problems are universa l and not personal. Such an appreciation makes the work of the counselor even easier since members will be ready for therapy. Group therapy also indicates to the counselor whether the individuals will be able to reintegrate into the society after the session. Personal Leadership qualities in a Group Therapy Leadership is at the heart of group therapy. It is therefore important to have experienced counselors who can manage leadership in the group. Leadership is power. Power on the other hand can corrupt leaders. The feeling of pride and authority may lead to the disintegration of the counseling group. This case is especially common when group leaders devolve powers to subgroups and then appoint subgroup leaders. Although such groups enable the group leaders to achieve efficiency and quick coordination, they may result in conflicts of interest. Other members of the group may begin to feel that they are doing better in relation to others, or that they are in charge of others. Group lea ders should therefore be cautious while appointing other leaders or sub-leaders. Crits-Christoph et al. (2013, p. 23) observe that it is important to screen the leaders before assigning them various duties. It is imperative to evaluate whether they meet the educational standards for the position, their levels of emotional stability, and their cultural foundations. Such factors are likely to impact on their performance as leaders in the groups. The ability to lead should also be evaluated before such appointments are made. Some people may have good humiliating traits. However, they may show no leadership abilities. Worse still, they may have the necessary skills in leadership but have no desire for it. Appointment of bad leaders in the group can be the beginning of failure or success of the group. A good leader can cultivate a good relationship among members of the group. It is also possible for an efficient leader to control the group during disputes and even solve cases of conflict s among the group members. Ability to solve cases is important in delivering quality counseling to the group. Leadership should avoid differences among leaders themselves and the rest of the group members. Respect between group leaders creates cohesion between members. Members cannot believe in divided leaders. In fact, the groups may disintegrate if leaders portray their conflicts openly. Openness and admission should also be encouraged between leaders. Der Pan et al. (20012, p. 731) argue that leaders should cultivate a good and open communication within the group. Communication is power. Proper communication enables people to gain information that is necessary for them to tackle the problems that life poses. It is unethical for leaders to fail to articulate themselves properly. Leaders should share information about group dynamics, leadership hurdles, and the best strategies that can enable the group to leap the best benefits from counseling. Leaders should ensure that every memb er of the group is empowered through adequate provision of information. There should also be avenues for members of the particular group to give their feedback. Leaders should keep on updating each other with the right information during the therapy process. Sharing of information is important for uniformity and good performance. Proper communication channels should be made public for all leaders and members to know. It is out of poor communication that leaders get into conflicts among themselves and with their members. Ethical guidelines in counseling emphasize the power of communication. Leaders should therefore ensure that they gain the necessary communication skills and put in place proper communication mechanisms. Conflicts among leaders should be avoided at all cost. Every group leader is a role model to his or her members and to other leaders. Gumpert and Black (2006, p. 61) assert that, whenever members witness open conflicts between group leaders, they become tensed about t he relationships. They may even become completely disengaged in the group affairs. Conflicts with other leaders may result in loss of trust from the members. In fact, tension begins at the point where members experience open or hidden conflict between their leaders. Worse still, members can rebel against such leaders. Such a situation can result in complete disintegration of the group. The group leader is charged with the responsibility of ensuring that conflicts among leaders of subgroups are eliminated or ironed out on time. Competition among members and even among groups is important. However, only healthy competition among leaders can help other members of the counseling group. It is worth noting that unregulated competition can result in actual conflicts among the leaders and the individual members. Health competition among groups enhances learning. In the process of competing, members and group leaders can perfect their skills. Group and subgroup leaders should therefore enhan ce proper communication among them to ensure that their individual groups leap the benefits of communication. Competition has rules and guidelines, which must be followed properly in the process of competition. Pan et al. (2012, p. 349) reveals that the major goal of setting up groups should not be forgotten in the process of the group and leadership competition. It is therefore important for every member of the group to realize the importance of competition and be ready to play by the rules. With good leadership, competition among members can result in better performance of the groups. Leaders who work together are able to solve conflicts among themselves. During the moments of conflicts among members of the group, leaders have to show authority and competence. It is even better when leaders come together and work in unity when solving conflicts arising from members. My Leadership Qualities and Approach to Group Therapy As a counselor, one of the leadership qualities that I possess is the ability to communicate well. Good communication skills are important in leadership. Proper communication involves being clear, concise, correct, and complete. Communication breakdown results in clashes among members of a group. In fact, a counselor who does not communicate well is likely to face opposition from clients. A leader who does not communicate correctly can drive people into disagreement. It is therefore important for one to have good communication skills. I am also a good planner and time manager. These skills have enabled me to be consistent in my endeavors. Before engaging with my followers into any program, I begin by having a good arrangement. Planning is essential when dealing with groups. Crits-Christoph et al. (2013, p. 24) insists that one requires a pre-planning of what to cover at a certain time together with the expected results of the session. My plans also have alternatives for eventualities. I am a good time manager. Discipline in time management ena bles me to be organized and timely in completion of assignments and projects. It is always good to honor promises to other leaders, to the followers, or even clients. The tight schedules that are common in a group counseling must be upheld. In order to keep abreast with such schedules, time management became a necessary skill that I have developed. I also have a wide range of skills and experience in counseling. Training and experience enable me to be professional on how I approach various issues. Professionalism also enables me to abide by ethical guidelines and codes of conduct in counseling. When one is professional, it is hard to contravene the law or even ethics of his or her profession. Challenges in Leadership In leadership, one must expect to face various obstacles occasionally. I have faced many challenges in leadership. Such challenges range from conflicts among members, poor cooperation by members, incitement of members, interference from external forces, and competition for leadership positions. Leadership involves dealing with a variety of people, guiding them, and directing them towards success. However, people come from different backgrounds with different beliefs. They view things from a multiplicity of dimensions. Having the ability to communicate in a manner that creates mutual understanding enables me to quell conflicts among my students. Communication is a solution to most of the problems that people face. In fact, Der Pan et al. (2012, p. 739) affirm that most of conflicts in the world are out of poor communication and hence misunderstanding. Incitement of learners from among themselves and from other external forces is another major hurdle that I have been able to overcome. Learners may feel over bombarded with learning and the tight schedules of counseling sessions. Others may just want to cause havoc and render the process unsuccessful. In such situations, I apply professional counseling skills that enable me to manage people. Peopleâ⠂¬â„¢s skills and human resource management skills are crucial parts of therapy. Conclusion In conclusion, ethics is inherent in every profession. Professional ethics in a group counseling is supposed to be adhered to by both the counselor and the client. These guidelines enable the process of counseling to be professional, consistent, and to run smoothly. When therapists observe the ethical guidelines of their profession, they are less likely to contravene the laws of God, man, and their nation. Group counseling differs from individual counseling due to various dynamics of group management. As the paper has revealed, most of the therapists prefer group counseling to individual counseling. Leadership qualities are important for group leaders for them to manage and influence the group. Good communication can enable leaders to overcome most of the challenges that are likely to emerge in a group therapy. Reference List Banks, R. (2005). Solution-Focused Group Therapy. Journal of Family Psychotherapy, 16(1), 17-21. Crespi, D. (2009). Group counseling in the schools: Legal, ethical, and treatment issues in school practice. Psychology in the Schools, 46(3), 273-280. Crits-Christoph, P., Gibbons, C., Johnson, J., Gallop, R. (2013). Process Predictors of the Outcome of Group Drug Counseling. Journal of Consulting Clinical Psychology, 81(1), 23-34. Der Pan, P. et al. (2012). Associations Among Self-Concept, Verbal Behaviors, and Group Climate Early In The Group Counseling Process. Psychological Reports, 111(3), 739-754. Freeman, J., Engels, W., Altekruse, M. (2004). Foundations for Ethical Standards and Codes: The Role of Moral Philosophy and Theory in Ethics. Counseling Values, 48(1), 163-173. Gumpert, J., Black, N. (2006). Ethical Issues in Group Work: What are They? How Are They Managed?. Social Work with Groups, 29(2), 61-74. Hill, L. (2004). Ethical Analysis in Counseling: A Case for Narrative Ethics, Moral Visions and Virtue Ethics. Counseling Values, 48(3) , 131-148. Hong, Z., Lin, H., Wang, H., Chen, H., Yu, T. (2012). The effects of functional group counseling on inspiring low-achieving students’ self-worth and self-efficacy in Taiwan. International Journal of Psychology, 47(3), 179-191. Jen Der Pan, P., Liang-Yu, D., Shiou-Ling, T., Shona, H. (2011). Taiwanese Members’ Report Of Verbal Interactions And Their Relations To Demographic Variables In The Group Counseling Process. Psychological Reports, 108(3), 779-790. Luke, M., Hackney, H. (2007). Group Coleadership: A Critical Review. Counselor Education Supervision, 46(4), 280-293. Malott, M., Paone, R., Humphreys, K., Martinez, T. (2010). Use of Group Counseling to Address Ethnic Identity Development: Application with Adolescents of Mexican Descent. Professional School Counseling, 13(5), 257-267. Pan, P. et al. (2012). Verbal Interactions in Taiwanese Group Counseling Process: A Cross-Cultural Perspective. Psychological Reports, 111( 2), 349-363. Piper, E. (2007). Underutilization of Short-term Group Therapy: Enigmatic or Understandable?. Psychotherapy Research, 18(3), 127-138. Stephens, D., Jain, S., Kim, K. (2010). Group Counseling: Techniques for Teaching Social Skills To Students With Special Needs. Education, 130(3), 509-512. Wade, G. (2012). Encouraging Student Interest in Research on Forgiveness, Religion, and Group Counseling in a Counseling Psychology Ph.D. Program. Journal of Psychology Christianity, 31(4), 326-329. Yildirim, T. (2012). The Unheard Voice in Group Counseling: Quietness. Educational Sciences: Theory Practice, 12(1), 129-134. This essay on Ethics in Group Counseling was written and submitted by user Mary Jane Watson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

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Compare Jane Austen's work ( themes, plots, characteristics, style, politics) to some aspects of her life - Essay Example Jane was 5th born in the family of Rev. George Austen at the Hampshire and lived in the area for most of her life. She never married. She was briefly educated by her relative in Southampton, currently Oxford in 1783 and later at Reading Ladies boarding school. Generally, her education was only based on superior education given to girls of the time. In addition, she started writing her first tale as early as 1789. Jane Austen’s life was not happy especially in love and tranquil because she was simply uneventful. The movement of her family to Bath gave her scene to many episodes used in her different writings. There was a time she received a marriage proposal from a wealthy young man but turned it down the next day, reasonably that she did not love him. In her work, Austen anonymously published her tales in order to contemporary adhere the convention of the female authors. Fortunately, her publications continued to achieve the popularity and esteem although she could not lead the literally circles due to her anonymity. Her choice of writing the stories of love in the career, which coincided with the movement of romance contrasted with her life since she personally unromantic. The emotion of passion created in her novels moderates’ rational exercise in finding the real happiness than eloping with a lover. Austen became famous for her mature works in socializing the manners of the comedies. For example Emma, was cited to be perfected in the form, which the critics continue to approach in a perspective of the predicament of English women who were not married (Scott, 58-69). During this period (1800s), the customs and the laws of inheritance determined the fortunes of the families to the male partners. The literary styles of the Jane Austen relied on the combination of the irony, parody, free indirect speech, realism and the burlesque. The usage of burlesque and parody

Vincent Van Goghs Starry Night and Hans Hofmanns Spring Essay

Vincent Van Goghs Starry Night and Hans Hofmanns Spring - Essay Example The essay "Vincent Van Gogh’s Starry Night and Hans Hofmann’s Spring" discovers two paintings of Vincent Van Gogh and Hans Hofmann. Despite the similarities in the titles to the two works of art, they reveal a differences which reflects on the artist as a person and as an artist given expression to his experience and perspectives. Where Van Gogh looked to create work that was an interpretation of life through his own deeply emotional brush, Hofmann's works were directed at all expressions that his audience could relate to. However, since art is both an expression of mood/emotion and the artist’s own experiences, the contextual backgrounds of both Hofmann and Van Gogh help to explain why similar titled paintings convey different emotions. Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890) was an iconic nineteenth century Dutch painter of the post-impressionist movement. Van Gogh was a deeply religious man, known for his struggles with mental illness (Blumer: 519). Van Gogh’s let ters and accounts of his life indicate that he suffered episodes of high energy and moods swings that are consistent with Bipolar Disorder. In the last two years of his life, a French doctor diagnosed Van Gogh with ‘temporal lobe epilepsy’. Still, Van Gogh’s life is described as ‘extraordinary’ due to his special artistic talents. After studying in Belgium, he spent time in Paris which exposed him not only to both the classical and then modern works of the French avant-garde, but as a metropolitan city exposed him to the Ukiyo-e style of Japan.